This article describes the history of enteric nervous system research and recent evidence of foreign researchers, the role of the relationship between enteric and central nervous systems in the development of psychosomatic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract was presented, including functional disorders. Connection between "brain-gut" is a good example of circular relationship between the various factors, which is important for understanding a complete picture of a disease.

An individual is required to contribute to the formation of the man and not just humanity inherent in each single "I", but the humanity of people around the world. Gregory Nysskiy perfectly understood the appeal and argued that each person is called to be in a sense, the "father" to himself and to help the development of humanity, till the time he becomes one bout whom the Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno wrote: "Be no one else but the true person. " (...)

Ontopsychology belongs to a humanistic line in modern psychology, first of all, because it shares its general idea of human nature. Ideas of ontopsychology are based not only on the psychological view, but also the philosophical and general humanities tradition.

There are three forces in psychology: behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and humanistic psychology. The main difference between them lies in the understanding of a man, which is central to their analysis.

A characteristic feature of the development of science of the second half of the twentieth century was the processes of the "science of self-reflection." They continue in psychological science in the twenty-first century, capturing the new zone. The subject of discussion is not only methodological issues, various research approaches and explanatory models, but also the prospects of development of psychological science, the ratio of its theoretical and practical areas. The need to clarify the goals and objectives of psychological science is intensified by the changes in the social realities that give rise to new problems in people's lives, which in turn leads to new problems, changing goals and priorities of psychological work.

Ontopsychological direction makes a significant contribution to understanding of a man as an integral unity of action, as a holistic personality in the context of his life. It is this fact that makes ontopsychology one of the strategic directions of development of St. Petersburg State University Faculty of Psychology in accordance with the mission of the faculty - the desire to be the center of the integration of research, application and education of professional psychological community in solving the perspective and actual problems of psychology in the social, political and economic fields.

Using a well known opinion on the development of psychology, we can say: the Division of Ontopsychology has a brief history, but long past. Brief history - it is the time since April 2004, when the Faculty of Psychology in St. Petersburg University opened Ontopsychology Division for the first time in Russia. Long past - it is the history going decades back of how the domestic and European lines in the origin and development of ontopsychology unite together in one common whole.

Professor Antonio Meneghetti began the lectures on the philosophy in the summer session of 2005 with the following words: "Not a single university in the world teaches philosophy. In all philosophy departments they teach the history of thought, or history of opinion. " In this statement, as well as in the constant appeal of Prof. Meneghetti to philosophical issues there is a clear recognition that psychology, including modern psychology has deep philosophical grounds. Moreover, it is modern psychology that faces a clear need to address the philosophical questions of human existence. In any case, it is obviously related to ontopsychology - the science of existential nature which meets the deepest human needs - "nostalgia for the metaphysical."

Reasoning about theoretical crisis in psychology and the need for methodological self-reflection have become a common feature in the works of psychologists. Much has been written about the causes of the theoretical impasse, or at least the lack of theoretical progress. From all what is written or said about it, I would like to remind statements of Moscovici about three aspects of "scientific ideology", which has become an obstacle to the development of science. Firstly, it is "the rule of positivist epistemology", according to which the "facts" are given "by the surrounding reality," and "truly scientific criteria - is an experiment." Secondly, something "like a tacit compromise, when we avoid dealing with issues related to the essence of the law which relates to our discipline, and reduce everything to a process of verification."

Expanding the main provisions of ontopsychology A. Meneghetti noted that the term "Ontopsychology" has long been known. In the concept of B.G. Ananiev it is, for example, defined as a branch of psychology that studies the ontogeny - the development of an individual as the whole of organismic, related only to the body, characteristics of a man.

In the theory of A. Meneghetti the term "Ontopsychology" has a fundamentally different meaning - the development of a personality in general, the psychology of being in a man. It is important to emphasize that the problem of individuality in ontopsychology is not sequestered, but is brought to the fore as the most important for the present and future of psychology.